restructure binding APIs

include/Refresh.h

@@ -333,11 +333,11 @@ typedef enum Refresh_TransferOptions
 	REFRESH_TRANSFEROPTIONS_OVERWRITE
 } Refresh_TransferOptions;
 
-typedef enum Refresh_CopyOptions
+typedef enum Refresh_WriteOptions
 {
-	REFRESH_COPYOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD,
+	REFRESH_WRITEOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD,
-	REFRESH_COPYOPTIONS_SAFEOVERWRITE
+	REFRESH_WRITEOPTIONS_SAFEOVERWRITE
-} Refresh_CopyOptions;
+} Refresh_WriteOptions;
 
 typedef enum Refresh_Backend
 {
@@ -583,26 +583,91 @@ typedef struct Refresh_GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo
 
 /* Render pass structures */
 
+/* These structures define how textures will be read/written in a render pass.
+ *
+ * loadOp: Determines what is done with the texture slice at the beginning of the render pass.
+ *
+ *   LOAD:
+ *     Loads the texture slice.
+ *
+ *   CLEAR:
+ *     Clears the texture slice to a single color.
+ *
+ *   DONT_CARE:
+ *     The driver will do whatever it wants with the texture slice memory.
+ *     This is a good option if you know that every single pixel will be touched in the render pass.
+ *
+ * storeOp: Determines what is done with the texture slice at the end of the render pass.
+ *
+ *   STORE:
+ *     Stores the results of the render pass in the texture slice.
+ *
+ *   DONT_CARE:
+ *     The driver will do whatever it wants with the texture slice memory.
+ *     This is often a good option for depth/stencil textures.
+ *
+ *
+ * writeOption is ignored if loadOp is LOAD and is implicitly assumed to be SAFEOVERWRITE.
+ * Interleaving LOAD and SAFEDISCARD successively on the same texture (not slice!) is undefined behavior.
+ *
+ * writeOption:
+ *  SAFEDISCARD:
+ *    If this texture slice has been used in commands that have not completed,
+ *    those commands will still be valid at the cost of increased memory usage.
+ *    You may NOT assume that any of the previous texture data is retained.
+ *    If the texture slice was not in use, this option is equivalent to SAFEOVERWRITE.
+ *    This is a good option to prevent stalls when frequently reusing a texture slice in rendering.
+ *
+ *  SAFEOVERWRITE:
+ *    Overwrites the data safely using a GPU memory barrier.
+ */
+
 typedef struct Refresh_ColorAttachmentInfo
 {
 	Refresh_TextureSlice textureSlice;
-	Refresh_Vec4 clearColor; /* Can be ignored by RenderPass */
+	Refresh_Vec4 clearColor; /* Can be ignored by RenderPass if CLEAR is not used */
 	Refresh_LoadOp loadOp;
 	Refresh_StoreOp storeOp;
-	uint8_t safeDiscard; /* ignored if loadOp is LOAD */
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption;
 } Refresh_ColorAttachmentInfo;
 
 typedef struct Refresh_DepthStencilAttachmentInfo
 {
 	Refresh_TextureSlice textureSlice;
-	Refresh_DepthStencilValue depthStencilClearValue; /* Can be ignored by RenderPass */
+	Refresh_DepthStencilValue depthStencilClearValue; /* Can be ignored by RenderPass if CLEAR is not used */
 	Refresh_LoadOp loadOp;
 	Refresh_StoreOp storeOp;
 	Refresh_LoadOp stencilLoadOp;
 	Refresh_StoreOp stencilStoreOp;
-	uint8_t safeDiscard; /* ignored if either loadOp or stencilLoadOp is LOAD*/
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption;
 } Refresh_DepthStencilAttachmentInfo;
 
+/* Binding structs */
+
+typedef struct Refresh_BufferBinding
+{
+	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer;
+	uint32_t offset;
+} Refresh_BufferBinding;
+
+typedef struct Refresh_TextureSamplerBinding
+{
+	Refresh_Texture *texture;
+	Refresh_Sampler *sampler;
+} Refresh_TextureSamplerBinding;
+
+typedef struct Refresh_ComputeBufferBinding
+{
+	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer;
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption;
+} Refresh_ComputeBufferBinding;
+
+typedef struct Refresh_ComputeTextureBinding
+{
+	Refresh_TextureSlice textureSlice;
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption;
+} Refresh_ComputeTextureBinding;
+
 /* Functions */
 
 /* Logging */
@@ -828,49 +893,43 @@ REFRESHAPI void Refresh_BindVertexBuffers(
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
 	uint32_t firstBinding,
 	uint32_t bindingCount,
-	Refresh_GpuBuffer **pBuffers,
+	Refresh_BufferBinding *pBindings
-	uint64_t *pOffsets
 );
 
 /* Binds an index buffer for use with subsequent draw calls. */
 REFRESHAPI void Refresh_BindIndexBuffer(
 	Refresh_Device *device,
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
+	Refresh_BufferBinding *pBinding,
-	uint64_t offset,
 	Refresh_IndexElementSize indexElementSize
 );
 
 /* Sets textures/samplers for use with the currently bound vertex shader.
  *
  * NOTE:
- * 		The length of the passed arrays must be equal to the number
+ * 		The length of the bindings array must be equal to the number
  * 		of sampler bindings specified by the pipeline.
  *
- * textures:	A pointer to an array of textures.
+ * pBindings:  A pointer to an array of TextureSamplerBindings.
- * samplers:	A pointer to an array of samplers.
  */
 REFRESHAPI void Refresh_BindVertexSamplers(
 	Refresh_Device *device,
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	Refresh_Texture **pTextures,
+	Refresh_TextureSamplerBinding *pBindings
-	Refresh_Sampler **pSamplers
 );
 
 /* Sets textures/samplers for use with the currently bound fragment shader.
  *
  * NOTE:
- *		The length of the passed arrays must be equal to the number
+ *		The length of the bindings array must be equal to the number
  * 		of sampler bindings specified by the pipeline.
  *
- * textures: 	A pointer to an array of textures.
+ * pBindings:  A pointer to an array of TextureSamplerBindings.
- * samplers:	A pointer to an array of samplers.
  */
 REFRESHAPI void Refresh_BindFragmentSamplers(
 	Refresh_Device *device,
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	Refresh_Texture **pTextures,
+	Refresh_TextureSamplerBinding *pBindings
-	Refresh_Sampler **pSamplers
 );
 
 /* Pushes vertex shader uniforms to the device.
@@ -991,26 +1050,28 @@ REFRESHAPI void Refresh_BindComputePipeline(
 
 /* Binds buffers for use with the currently bound compute pipeline.
  *
- * pBuffers: An array of buffers to bind.
+ * pBindings:
- * 	Length must be equal to the number of buffers
+ *   An array of ComputeBufferBinding structs.
- * 	specified by the compute pipeline.
+ *   Length must be equal to the number of buffers
+ *   specified by the compute pipeline.
  */
 REFRESHAPI void Refresh_BindComputeBuffers(
 	Refresh_Device *device,
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	Refresh_GpuBuffer **pBuffers
+	Refresh_ComputeBufferBinding *pBindings
 );
 
 /* Binds textures for use with the currently bound compute pipeline.
  *
- * pTextureSlices: An array of texture slices to bind.
+ * pBindings:
- *   Length must be equal to the number of buffers
+ *   An array of ComputeTextureBinding structs.
+ *   Length must be equal to the number of textures
  *   specified by the compute pipeline.
  */
 REFRESHAPI void Refresh_BindComputeTextures(
 	Refresh_Device *device,
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	Refresh_TextureSlice **pTextureSlices
+	Refresh_ComputeTextureBinding *pBindings
 );
 
 /* Pushes compute shader params to the device.
@@ -1054,15 +1115,17 @@ REFRESHAPI void Refresh_EndComputePass(
 
 /* Immediately copies data from a pointer into a TransferBuffer.
  *
- * option:
+ * transferOption:
  *  SAFEDISCARD:
- *    If this TransferBuffer has been used in a copy command that has not completed,
+ *    If this TransferBuffer has been used in commands that have not completed,
- *    the issued copy commands will still be valid at the cost of increased memory usage.
+ *    the issued commands will still be valid at the cost of increased memory usage.
- *    Otherwise the data will overwrite.
+ *    You may NOT assume that any of the previous data is retained.
+ *    If the TransferBuffer was not in use, this option is equivalent to OVERWRITE.
+ *    This is a good option to prevent stalls when frequently updating data.
  *    It is not recommended to use this option with large TransferBuffers.
  *
  *  OVERWRITE:
- *    Overwrites the data regardless of whether a copy has been issued.
+ *    Overwrites the data regardless of whether a command has been issued.
  *    Use this option with great care, as it can cause data races to occur!
  */
 REFRESHAPI void Refresh_SetTransferData(
@@ -1070,7 +1133,7 @@ REFRESHAPI void Refresh_SetTransferData(
 	void* data,
 	Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 	Refresh_BufferCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_TransferOptions option
+	Refresh_TransferOptions transferOption
 );
 
 /* Immediately copies data from a TransferBuffer into a pointer. */
@@ -1095,16 +1158,17 @@ REFRESHAPI void Refresh_BeginCopyPass(
  */
 
 /*
- * option:
+ * writeOption:
  *  SAFEDISCARD:
- *    If this TransferBuffer has been used in a copy command that has not completed,
+ *    If the destination resource has been used in commands that have not completed,
- *    the issued copy commands will still be valid at the cost of increased memory usage.
+ *    the issued commands will still be valid at the cost of increased memory usage.
- *    Otherwise the data will overwrite.
+ *    You may NOT assume that any of the previous data is retained.
+ *    If the destination resource was not in use, this option is equivalent to SAFEOVERWRITE.
+ * 	  This is a good option to prevent stalls on resources with frequent updates.
  *    It is not recommended to use this option with large resources.
  *
- *  OVERWRITE:
+ *  SAFEOVERWRITE:
- *    Overwrites the data regardless of whether a copy has been issued.
+ *    Overwrites the data safely using a GPU memory barrier.
- *    Use this option with great care, as it can cause data races to occur!
  */
 
 /* Uploads data from a TransferBuffer to a texture. */
@@ -1114,7 +1178,7 @@ REFRESHAPI void Refresh_UploadToTexture(
 	Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *textureRegion,
 	Refresh_BufferImageCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 );
 
 /* Uploads data from a TransferBuffer to a GpuBuffer. */
@@ -1124,7 +1188,7 @@ REFRESHAPI void Refresh_UploadToBuffer(
 	Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
 	Refresh_BufferCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 );
 
 /* GPU-to-CPU copies occur on the GPU timeline.
@@ -1133,6 +1197,20 @@ REFRESHAPI void Refresh_UploadToBuffer(
  * until the command buffer has finished execution.
  */
 
+/*
+ * transferOption:
+ *  SAFEDISCARD:
+ *    If this TransferBuffer has been used in commands that have not completed,
+ *    the issued commands will still be valid at the cost of increased memory usage.
+ *    You may NOT assume that any of the previous data is retained.
+ *    If the TransferBuffer was not in use, this option is equivalent to OVERWRITE.
+ *    It is not recommended to use this option with large TransferBuffers.
+ *
+ *  OVERWRITE:
+ *    Overwrites the data regardless of whether a command has been issued.
+ *    Use this option with great care, as it can cause data races to occur!
+ */
+
 /* Downloads data from a texture to a TransferBuffer. */
 REFRESHAPI void Refresh_DownloadFromTexture(
 	Refresh_Device *device,
@@ -1140,7 +1218,7 @@ REFRESHAPI void Refresh_DownloadFromTexture(
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *textureRegion,
 	Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 	Refresh_BufferImageCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_TransferOptions option
+	Refresh_TransferOptions transferOption
 );
 
 /* Downloads data from a GpuBuffer object. */
@@ -1150,7 +1228,7 @@ REFRESHAPI void Refresh_DownloadFromBuffer(
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
 	Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 	Refresh_BufferCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_TransferOptions option
+	Refresh_TransferOptions transferOption
 );
 
 /* GPU-to-GPU copies occur on the GPU timeline,
@@ -1158,18 +1236,17 @@ REFRESHAPI void Refresh_DownloadFromBuffer(
  */
 
 /*
- * option:
+ * writeOption:
  *  SAFEDISCARD:
- *    If the destination resource has been used in a copy command that has not completed,
+ *    If the destination resource has been used in commands that have not completed,
- *    the issued copy commands will still be valid at the cost of increased memory usage.
+ *    the issued commands will still be valid at the cost of increased memory usage.
- *    Otherwise the data will safely overwrite.
+ *    You may NOT assume that any of the previous data is retained.
+ *    If the destination resource was not in use, this option is equivalent to SAFEOVERWRITE.
  * 	  This is a good option to prevent stalls on resources with frequent updates.
  *    It is not recommended to use this option with large resources.
  *
  *  SAFEOVERWRITE:
- *    Overwrites the data regardless of whether a copy has been issued.
+ *    Overwrites the data safely using a GPU memory barrier.
- *    This will insert a memory barrier, so it could cause suboptimal performance compared to SAFEDISCARD
- *    on resources that update frequently across submissions.
  */
 
 /* Performs a texture-to-texture copy. */
@@ -1178,7 +1255,7 @@ REFRESHAPI void Refresh_CopyTextureToTexture(
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *source,
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *destination,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 );
 
 /* Copies image data from a texture slice into a buffer. */
@@ -1188,7 +1265,7 @@ REFRESHAPI void Refresh_CopyTextureToBuffer(
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *textureRegion,
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
 	Refresh_BufferImageCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 );
 
 /* Copies data from a buffer to a texture slice. */
@@ -1198,7 +1275,7 @@ REFRESHAPI void Refresh_CopyBufferToTexture(
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *textureRegion,
 	Refresh_BufferImageCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 );
 
 /* Copies data from a buffer to a buffer. */
@@ -1208,7 +1285,7 @@ REFRESHAPI void Refresh_CopyBufferToBuffer(
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *source,
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *destination,
 	Refresh_BufferCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 );
 
 /* Generate mipmaps for the given texture. */

src/Refresh.c

@@ -461,8 +461,7 @@ void Refresh_BindVertexBuffers(
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
 	uint32_t firstBinding,
 	uint32_t bindingCount,
-	Refresh_GpuBuffer **pBuffers,
+	Refresh_BufferBinding *pBindings
-	uint64_t *pOffsets
 ) {
 	NULL_RETURN(device);
 	device->BindVertexBuffers(
@@ -470,24 +469,21 @@ void Refresh_BindVertexBuffers(
 		commandBuffer,
 		firstBinding,
 		bindingCount,
-		pBuffers,
+		pBindings
-		pOffsets
 	);
 }
 
 void Refresh_BindIndexBuffer(
 	Refresh_Device *device,
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
+	Refresh_BufferBinding *pBinding,
-	uint64_t offset,
 	Refresh_IndexElementSize indexElementSize
 ) {
 	NULL_RETURN(device);
 	device->BindIndexBuffer(
 		device->driverData,
 		commandBuffer,
-		gpuBuffer,
+		pBinding,
-		offset,
 		indexElementSize
 	);
 }
@@ -495,30 +491,26 @@ void Refresh_BindIndexBuffer(
 void Refresh_BindVertexSamplers(
 	Refresh_Device *device,
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	Refresh_Texture **pTextures,
+	Refresh_TextureSamplerBinding *pBindings
-	Refresh_Sampler **pSamplers
 ) {
 	NULL_RETURN(device);
 	device->BindVertexSamplers(
 		device->driverData,
 		commandBuffer,
-		pTextures,
+		pBindings
-		pSamplers
 	);
 }
 
 void Refresh_BindFragmentSamplers(
 	Refresh_Device *device,
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	Refresh_Texture **pTextures,
+	Refresh_TextureSamplerBinding *pBindings
-	Refresh_Sampler **pSamplers
 ) {
 	NULL_RETURN(device);
 	device->BindFragmentSamplers(
 		device->driverData,
 		commandBuffer,
-		pTextures,
+		pBindings
-		pSamplers
 	);
 }
 
@@ -662,26 +654,26 @@ void Refresh_BindComputePipeline(
 void Refresh_BindComputeBuffers(
 	Refresh_Device *device,
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	Refresh_GpuBuffer **pBuffers
+	Refresh_ComputeBufferBinding *pBindings
 ) {
 	NULL_RETURN(device);
 	device->BindComputeBuffers(
 		device->driverData,
 		commandBuffer,
-		pBuffers
+		pBindings
 	);
 }
 
 void Refresh_BindComputeTextures(
 	Refresh_Device *device,
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	Refresh_TextureSlice **pTextureSlices
+	Refresh_ComputeTextureBinding *pBindings
 ) {
 	NULL_RETURN(device);
 	device->BindComputeTextures(
 		device->driverData,
 		commandBuffer,
-		pTextureSlices
+		pBindings
 	);
 }
 
@@ -735,7 +727,7 @@ void Refresh_SetTransferData(
 	void* data,
 	Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 	Refresh_BufferCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_TransferOptions option
+	Refresh_TransferOptions transferOption
 ) {
 	NULL_RETURN(device);
 	device->SetTransferData(
@@ -743,7 +735,7 @@ void Refresh_SetTransferData(
 		data,
 		transferBuffer,
 		copyParams,
-		option
+		transferOption
 	);
 }
 
@@ -781,7 +773,7 @@ void Refresh_UploadToTexture(
 	Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *textureRegion,
 	Refresh_BufferImageCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 ) {
 	NULL_RETURN(device);
 	device->UploadToTexture(
@@ -790,7 +782,7 @@ void Refresh_UploadToTexture(
 		transferBuffer,
 		textureRegion,
 		copyParams,
-		option
+		writeOption
 	);
 }
 
@@ -800,7 +792,7 @@ void Refresh_UploadToBuffer(
 	Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
 	Refresh_BufferCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 ) {
 	NULL_RETURN(device);
 	device->UploadToBuffer(
@@ -809,7 +801,7 @@ void Refresh_UploadToBuffer(
 		transferBuffer,
 		gpuBuffer,
 		copyParams,
-		option
+		writeOption
 	);
 }
 
@@ -819,7 +811,7 @@ void Refresh_DownloadFromTexture(
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *textureRegion,
 	Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 	Refresh_BufferImageCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_TransferOptions option
+	Refresh_TransferOptions transferOption
 ) {
 	NULL_RETURN(device);
 	device->DownloadFromTexture(
@@ -828,7 +820,7 @@ void Refresh_DownloadFromTexture(
 		textureRegion,
 		transferBuffer,
 		copyParams,
-		option
+		transferOption
 	);
 }
 
@@ -838,7 +830,7 @@ void Refresh_DownloadFromBuffer(
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
 	Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 	Refresh_BufferCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_TransferOptions option
+	Refresh_TransferOptions transferOption
 ) {
 	NULL_RETURN(device);
 	device->DownloadFromBuffer(
@@ -847,7 +839,7 @@ void Refresh_DownloadFromBuffer(
 		gpuBuffer,
 		transferBuffer,
 		copyParams,
-		option
+		transferOption
 	);
 }
 
@@ -856,7 +848,7 @@ void Refresh_CopyTextureToTexture(
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *source,
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *destination,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 ) {
 	NULL_RETURN(device);
 	device->CopyTextureToTexture(
@@ -864,7 +856,7 @@ void Refresh_CopyTextureToTexture(
 		commandBuffer,
 		source,
 		destination,
-		option
+		writeOption
 	);
 }
 
@@ -874,7 +866,7 @@ void Refresh_CopyTextureToBuffer(
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *textureRegion,
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
 	Refresh_BufferImageCopy *copyParameters,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 ) {
 	NULL_RETURN(device);
 	device->CopyTextureToBuffer(
@@ -883,7 +875,7 @@ void Refresh_CopyTextureToBuffer(
 		textureRegion,
 		gpuBuffer,
 		copyParameters,
-		option
+		writeOption
 	);
 }
 
@@ -893,7 +885,7 @@ void Refresh_CopyBufferToTexture(
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *textureRegion,
 	Refresh_BufferImageCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 ) {
 	NULL_RETURN(device);
 	device->CopyBufferToTexture(
@@ -902,7 +894,7 @@ void Refresh_CopyBufferToTexture(
 		gpuBuffer,
 		textureRegion,
 		copyParams,
-		option
+		writeOption
 	);
 }
 
@@ -912,7 +904,7 @@ void Refresh_CopyBufferToBuffer(
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *source,
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *destination,
 	Refresh_BufferCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 ) {
 	NULL_RETURN(device);
 	device->CopyBufferToBuffer(
@@ -921,7 +913,7 @@ void Refresh_CopyBufferToBuffer(
 		source,
 		destination,
 		copyParams,
-		option
+		writeOption
 	);
 }
 

src/Refresh_Driver.h

@@ -289,30 +289,26 @@ struct Refresh_Device
 		Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
 		uint32_t firstBinding,
 		uint32_t bindingCount,
-		Refresh_GpuBuffer **pBuffers,
+		Refresh_BufferBinding *pBindings
-		uint64_t *pOffsets
 	);
 
 	void (*BindIndexBuffer)(
 		Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
 		Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-		Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
+		Refresh_BufferBinding *pBinding,
-		uint64_t offset,
 		Refresh_IndexElementSize indexElementSize
 	);
 
 	void (*BindVertexSamplers)(
 		Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
 		Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-		Refresh_Texture **pTextures,
+		Refresh_TextureSamplerBinding *pBindings
-		Refresh_Sampler **pSamplers
 	);
 
 	void (*BindFragmentSamplers)(
 		Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
 		Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-		Refresh_Texture **pTextures,
+		Refresh_TextureSamplerBinding *pBindings
-		Refresh_Sampler **pSamplers
 	);
 
 	void (*PushVertexShaderUniforms)(
@@ -383,13 +379,13 @@ struct Refresh_Device
 	void (*BindComputeBuffers)(
 		Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
 		Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-		Refresh_GpuBuffer **pBuffers
+		Refresh_ComputeBufferBinding *pBindings
 	);
 
 	void (*BindComputeTextures)(
 		Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
 		Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-		Refresh_TextureSlice **pTextureSlices
+		Refresh_ComputeTextureBinding *pBindings
 	);
 
 	void (*PushComputeShaderUniforms)(
@@ -419,7 +415,7 @@ struct Refresh_Device
 		void* data,
 		Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 		Refresh_BufferCopy *copyParams,
-		Refresh_TransferOptions option
+		Refresh_TransferOptions transferOption
 	);
 
 	void (*GetTransferData)(
@@ -442,7 +438,7 @@ struct Refresh_Device
 		Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 		Refresh_TextureRegion *textureSlice,
 		Refresh_BufferImageCopy *copyParams,
-		Refresh_CopyOptions option
+		Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 	);
 
 	void (*UploadToBuffer)(
@@ -451,7 +447,7 @@ struct Refresh_Device
 		Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 		Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
 		Refresh_BufferCopy *copyParams,
-		Refresh_CopyOptions option
+		Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 	);
 
 	void (*DownloadFromTexture)(
@@ -460,7 +456,7 @@ struct Refresh_Device
 		Refresh_TextureRegion *textureSlice,
 		Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 		Refresh_BufferImageCopy *copyParams,
-		Refresh_TransferOptions option
+		Refresh_TransferOptions transferOption
 	);
 
 	void (*DownloadFromBuffer)(
@@ -469,7 +465,7 @@ struct Refresh_Device
 		Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
 		Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 		Refresh_BufferCopy *copyParams,
-		Refresh_TransferOptions option
+		Refresh_TransferOptions transferOption
 	);
 
 	void (*CopyTextureToTexture)(
@@ -477,7 +473,7 @@ struct Refresh_Device
 		Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
 		Refresh_TextureRegion *source,
 		Refresh_TextureRegion *destination,
-		Refresh_CopyOptions option
+		Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 	);
 
 	void (*CopyTextureToBuffer)(
@@ -486,7 +482,7 @@ struct Refresh_Device
 		Refresh_TextureRegion *textureSlice,
 		Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
 		Refresh_BufferImageCopy *copyParams,
-		Refresh_CopyOptions option
+		Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 	);
 
 	void (*CopyBufferToTexture)(
@@ -495,7 +491,7 @@ struct Refresh_Device
 		Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
 		Refresh_TextureRegion *textureSlice,
 		Refresh_BufferImageCopy *copyParams,
-		Refresh_CopyOptions option
+		Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 	);
 
 	void (*CopyBufferToBuffer)(
@@ -504,7 +500,7 @@ struct Refresh_Device
 		Refresh_GpuBuffer *source,
 		Refresh_GpuBuffer *destination,
 		Refresh_BufferCopy *copyParams,
-		Refresh_CopyOptions option
+		Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 	);
 
 	void (*GenerateMipmaps)(

src/Refresh_Driver_Vulkan.c

@@ -5712,6 +5712,49 @@ static VulkanTextureHandle* VULKAN_INTERNAL_CreateTextureHandle(
 	return textureHandle;
 }
 
+static void VULKAN_INTERNAL_DiscardActiveBuffer(
+	VulkanRenderer *renderer,
+	VulkanBufferContainer *bufferContainer
+) {
+	VulkanBufferHandle *bufferHandle;
+	uint32_t i;
+
+	/* If a previously-discarded buffer is available, we can use that. */
+	for (i = 0; i < bufferContainer->bufferCount; i += 1)
+	{
+		bufferHandle = bufferContainer->bufferHandles[i];
+		if (SDL_AtomicGet(&bufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->referenceCount) == 0)
+		{
+			bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle = bufferHandle;
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* No buffer handle is available, generate a new one. */
+	bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle = VULKAN_INTERNAL_CreateBufferHandle(
+		renderer,
+		bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->size,
+		RESOURCE_ACCESS_NONE,
+		bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->usage,
+		bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->requireHostVisible,
+		bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->preferHostLocal,
+		bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->preferDeviceLocal
+	);
+
+	EXPAND_ARRAY_IF_NEEDED(
+		bufferContainer->bufferHandles,
+		VulkanBufferHandle*,
+		bufferContainer->bufferCount + 1,
+		bufferContainer->bufferCapacity,
+		bufferContainer->bufferCapacity * 2
+	);
+
+	bufferContainer->bufferHandles[
+		bufferContainer->bufferCount
+	] = bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle;
+	bufferContainer->bufferCount += 1;
+}
+
 static void VULKAN_INTERNAL_DiscardActiveTexture(
 	VulkanRenderer *renderer,
 	VulkanTextureContainer *textureContainer
@@ -7172,98 +7215,6 @@ static VkDescriptorSet VULKAN_INTERNAL_FetchDescriptorSet(
 	return descriptorSet;
 }
 
-static void VULKAN_BindVertexSamplers(
-	Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
-	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	Refresh_Texture **pTextures,
-	Refresh_Sampler **pSamplers
-) {
-	VulkanRenderer* renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
-	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
-	VulkanGraphicsPipeline *graphicsPipeline = vulkanCommandBuffer->currentGraphicsPipeline;
-
-	VulkanTexture *currentTexture;
-	VulkanSampler *currentSampler;
-	uint32_t i, samplerCount, sliceIndex;
-	VkDescriptorImageInfo descriptorImageInfos[MAX_TEXTURE_SAMPLERS];
-
-	if (graphicsPipeline->pipelineLayout->vertexSamplerDescriptorSetCache == NULL)
-	{
-		return;
-	}
-
-	samplerCount = graphicsPipeline->pipelineLayout->vertexSamplerDescriptorSetCache->bindingCount;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < samplerCount; i += 1)
-	{
-		currentTexture = ((VulkanTextureContainer*) pTextures[i])->activeTextureHandle->vulkanTexture;
-		currentSampler = (VulkanSampler*) pSamplers[i];
-		descriptorImageInfos[i].imageView = currentTexture->view;
-		descriptorImageInfos[i].sampler = currentSampler->sampler;
-		descriptorImageInfos[i].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
-
-		VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackSampler(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, currentSampler);
-		for (sliceIndex = 0; sliceIndex < currentTexture->sliceCount; sliceIndex += 1)
-		{
-			VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackTextureSlice(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, &currentTexture->slices[sliceIndex]);
-		}
-	}
-
-	vulkanCommandBuffer->vertexSamplerDescriptorSet = VULKAN_INTERNAL_FetchDescriptorSet(
-		renderer,
-		vulkanCommandBuffer,
-		graphicsPipeline->pipelineLayout->vertexSamplerDescriptorSetCache,
-		descriptorImageInfos,
-		NULL
-	);
-}
-
-static void VULKAN_BindFragmentSamplers(
-	Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
-	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	Refresh_Texture **pTextures,
-	Refresh_Sampler **pSamplers
-) {
-	VulkanRenderer* renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
-	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
-	VulkanGraphicsPipeline *graphicsPipeline = vulkanCommandBuffer->currentGraphicsPipeline;
-
-	VulkanTexture *currentTexture;
-	VulkanSampler *currentSampler;
-	uint32_t i, samplerCount, sliceIndex;
-	VkDescriptorImageInfo descriptorImageInfos[MAX_TEXTURE_SAMPLERS];
-
-	if (graphicsPipeline->pipelineLayout->fragmentSamplerDescriptorSetCache == NULL)
-	{
-		return;
-	}
-
-	samplerCount = graphicsPipeline->pipelineLayout->fragmentSamplerDescriptorSetCache->bindingCount;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < samplerCount; i += 1)
-	{
-		currentTexture = ((VulkanTextureContainer*) pTextures[i])->activeTextureHandle->vulkanTexture;
-		currentSampler = (VulkanSampler*) pSamplers[i];
-		descriptorImageInfos[i].imageView = currentTexture->view;
-		descriptorImageInfos[i].sampler = currentSampler->sampler;
-		descriptorImageInfos[i].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
-
-		VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackSampler(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, currentSampler);
-		for (sliceIndex = 0; sliceIndex < currentTexture->sliceCount; sliceIndex += 1)
-		{
-			VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackTextureSlice(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, &currentTexture->slices[sliceIndex]);
-		}
-	}
-
-	vulkanCommandBuffer->fragmentSamplerDescriptorSet = VULKAN_INTERNAL_FetchDescriptorSet(
-		renderer,
-		vulkanCommandBuffer,
-		graphicsPipeline->pipelineLayout->fragmentSamplerDescriptorSetCache,
-		descriptorImageInfos,
-		NULL
-	);
-}
-
 static void VULKAN_INTERNAL_QueueDestroyTexture(
 	VulkanRenderer *renderer,
 	VulkanTexture *vulkanTexture
@@ -7793,7 +7744,7 @@ static void VULKAN_BeginRenderPass(
 		textureSlice = VULKAN_INTERNAL_RefreshToVulkanTextureSlice(&colorAttachmentInfos[i].textureSlice);
 
 		if (
-			colorAttachmentInfos[i].safeDiscard &&
+			colorAttachmentInfos[i].writeOption == REFRESH_WRITEOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
 			colorAttachmentInfos[i].loadOp != REFRESH_LOADOP_LOAD &&
 			textureContainer->canBeDiscarded &&
 			SDL_AtomicGet(&textureSlice->referenceCount) > 0
@@ -7805,7 +7756,6 @@ static void VULKAN_BeginRenderPass(
 			textureSlice = VULKAN_INTERNAL_RefreshToVulkanTextureSlice(&colorAttachmentInfos[i].textureSlice);
 		}
 
-
 		w = textureSlice->parent->dimensions.width >> colorAttachmentInfos[i].textureSlice.mipLevel;
 		h = textureSlice->parent->dimensions.height >> colorAttachmentInfos[i].textureSlice.mipLevel;
 
@@ -7834,7 +7784,7 @@ static void VULKAN_BeginRenderPass(
 		textureSlice = VULKAN_INTERNAL_RefreshToVulkanTextureSlice(&depthStencilAttachmentInfo->textureSlice);
 
 		if (
-			depthStencilAttachmentInfo->safeDiscard &&
+			depthStencilAttachmentInfo->writeOption == REFRESH_WRITEOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
 			depthStencilAttachmentInfo->loadOp != REFRESH_LOADOP_LOAD &&
 			depthStencilAttachmentInfo->stencilLoadOp != REFRESH_LOADOP_LOAD &&
 			textureContainer->canBeDiscarded &&
@@ -8031,6 +7981,197 @@ static void VULKAN_BeginRenderPass(
 	);
 }
 
+static void VULKAN_BindGraphicsPipeline(
+	Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
+	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
+	Refresh_GraphicsPipeline *graphicsPipeline
+) {
+	VulkanRenderer* renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
+	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
+	VulkanGraphicsPipeline* pipeline = (VulkanGraphicsPipeline*) graphicsPipeline;
+
+	/* bind dummy sets if necessary */
+	if (pipeline->pipelineLayout->vertexSamplerDescriptorSetCache == NULL)
+	{
+		vulkanCommandBuffer->vertexSamplerDescriptorSet = renderer->emptyVertexSamplerDescriptorSet;
+	}
+
+	if (pipeline->pipelineLayout->fragmentSamplerDescriptorSetCache == NULL)
+	{
+		vulkanCommandBuffer->fragmentSamplerDescriptorSet = renderer->emptyFragmentSamplerDescriptorSet;
+	}
+
+	renderer->vkCmdBindPipeline(
+		vulkanCommandBuffer->commandBuffer,
+		VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
+		pipeline->pipeline
+	);
+
+	vulkanCommandBuffer->currentGraphicsPipeline = pipeline;
+
+	VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackGraphicsPipeline(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, pipeline);
+
+	renderer->vkCmdSetViewport(
+		vulkanCommandBuffer->commandBuffer,
+		0,
+		1,
+		&vulkanCommandBuffer->currentViewport
+	);
+
+	renderer->vkCmdSetScissor(
+		vulkanCommandBuffer->commandBuffer,
+		0,
+		1,
+		&vulkanCommandBuffer->currentScissor
+	);
+}
+
+static void VULKAN_BindVertexBuffers(
+	Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
+	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
+	uint32_t firstBinding,
+	uint32_t bindingCount,
+	Refresh_BufferBinding *pBindings
+) {
+	VulkanRenderer* renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
+	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
+	VulkanBuffer *currentVulkanBuffer;
+	VkBuffer *buffers = SDL_stack_alloc(VkBuffer, bindingCount);
+	VkDeviceSize *offsets = SDL_stack_alloc(VkDeviceSize, bindingCount);
+	uint32_t i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < bindingCount; i += 1)
+	{
+		currentVulkanBuffer = ((VulkanBufferContainer*) pBindings[i].gpuBuffer)->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer;
+		buffers[i] = currentVulkanBuffer->buffer;
+		offsets[i] = (VkDeviceSize) pBindings[i].offset;
+		VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackBuffer(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, currentVulkanBuffer);
+	}
+
+	renderer->vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(
+		vulkanCommandBuffer->commandBuffer,
+		firstBinding,
+		bindingCount,
+		buffers,
+		offsets
+	);
+
+	SDL_stack_free(buffers);
+	SDL_stack_free(offsets);
+}
+
+static void VULKAN_BindIndexBuffer(
+	Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
+	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
+	Refresh_BufferBinding *pBinding,
+	Refresh_IndexElementSize indexElementSize
+) {
+	VulkanRenderer* renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
+	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
+	VulkanBuffer* vulkanBuffer = ((VulkanBufferContainer*) pBinding->gpuBuffer)->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer;
+
+	VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackBuffer(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, vulkanBuffer);
+
+	renderer->vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(
+		vulkanCommandBuffer->commandBuffer,
+		vulkanBuffer->buffer,
+		(VkDeviceSize) pBinding->offset,
+		RefreshToVK_IndexType[indexElementSize]
+	);
+}
+
+static void VULKAN_BindVertexSamplers(
+	Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
+	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
+	Refresh_TextureSamplerBinding *pBindings
+) {
+	VulkanRenderer* renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
+	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
+	VulkanGraphicsPipeline *graphicsPipeline = vulkanCommandBuffer->currentGraphicsPipeline;
+
+	VulkanTexture *currentTexture;
+	VulkanSampler *currentSampler;
+	uint32_t i, samplerCount, sliceIndex;
+	VkDescriptorImageInfo descriptorImageInfos[MAX_TEXTURE_SAMPLERS];
+
+	if (graphicsPipeline->pipelineLayout->vertexSamplerDescriptorSetCache == NULL)
+	{
+		return;
+	}
+
+	samplerCount = graphicsPipeline->pipelineLayout->vertexSamplerDescriptorSetCache->bindingCount;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < samplerCount; i += 1)
+	{
+		currentTexture = ((VulkanTextureContainer*) pBindings[i].texture)->activeTextureHandle->vulkanTexture;
+		currentSampler = (VulkanSampler*) pBindings[i].sampler;
+
+		descriptorImageInfos[i].imageView = currentTexture->view;
+		descriptorImageInfos[i].sampler = currentSampler->sampler;
+		descriptorImageInfos[i].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
+
+		VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackSampler(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, currentSampler);
+		for (sliceIndex = 0; sliceIndex < currentTexture->sliceCount; sliceIndex += 1)
+		{
+			VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackTextureSlice(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, &currentTexture->slices[sliceIndex]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	vulkanCommandBuffer->vertexSamplerDescriptorSet = VULKAN_INTERNAL_FetchDescriptorSet(
+		renderer,
+		vulkanCommandBuffer,
+		graphicsPipeline->pipelineLayout->vertexSamplerDescriptorSetCache,
+		descriptorImageInfos,
+		NULL
+	);
+}
+
+static void VULKAN_BindFragmentSamplers(
+	Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
+	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
+	Refresh_TextureSamplerBinding *pBindings
+) {
+	VulkanRenderer* renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
+	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
+	VulkanGraphicsPipeline *graphicsPipeline = vulkanCommandBuffer->currentGraphicsPipeline;
+
+	VulkanTexture *currentTexture;
+	VulkanSampler *currentSampler;
+	uint32_t i, samplerCount, sliceIndex;
+	VkDescriptorImageInfo descriptorImageInfos[MAX_TEXTURE_SAMPLERS];
+
+	if (graphicsPipeline->pipelineLayout->fragmentSamplerDescriptorSetCache == NULL)
+	{
+		return;
+	}
+
+	samplerCount = graphicsPipeline->pipelineLayout->fragmentSamplerDescriptorSetCache->bindingCount;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < samplerCount; i += 1)
+	{
+		currentTexture = ((VulkanTextureContainer*) pBindings[i].texture)->activeTextureHandle->vulkanTexture;
+		currentSampler = (VulkanSampler*) pBindings[i].sampler;
+
+		descriptorImageInfos[i].imageView = currentTexture->view;
+		descriptorImageInfos[i].sampler = currentSampler->sampler;
+		descriptorImageInfos[i].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
+
+		VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackSampler(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, currentSampler);
+		for (sliceIndex = 0; sliceIndex < currentTexture->sliceCount; sliceIndex += 1)
+		{
+			VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackTextureSlice(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, &currentTexture->slices[sliceIndex]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	vulkanCommandBuffer->fragmentSamplerDescriptorSet = VULKAN_INTERNAL_FetchDescriptorSet(
+		renderer,
+		vulkanCommandBuffer,
+		graphicsPipeline->pipelineLayout->fragmentSamplerDescriptorSetCache,
+		descriptorImageInfos,
+		NULL
+	);
+}
+
 static void VULKAN_EndRenderPass(
 	Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer
@@ -8089,104 +8230,6 @@ static void VULKAN_EndRenderPass(
 	vulkanCommandBuffer->currentGraphicsPipeline = NULL;
 }
 
-static void VULKAN_BindGraphicsPipeline(
-	Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
-	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	Refresh_GraphicsPipeline *graphicsPipeline
-) {
-	VulkanRenderer* renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
-	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
-	VulkanGraphicsPipeline* pipeline = (VulkanGraphicsPipeline*) graphicsPipeline;
-
-	/* bind dummy sets if necessary */
-	if (pipeline->pipelineLayout->vertexSamplerDescriptorSetCache == NULL)
-	{
-		vulkanCommandBuffer->vertexSamplerDescriptorSet = renderer->emptyVertexSamplerDescriptorSet;
-	}
-
-	if (pipeline->pipelineLayout->fragmentSamplerDescriptorSetCache == NULL)
-	{
-		vulkanCommandBuffer->fragmentSamplerDescriptorSet = renderer->emptyFragmentSamplerDescriptorSet;
-	}
-
-	renderer->vkCmdBindPipeline(
-		vulkanCommandBuffer->commandBuffer,
-		VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
-		pipeline->pipeline
-	);
-
-	vulkanCommandBuffer->currentGraphicsPipeline = pipeline;
-
-	VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackGraphicsPipeline(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, pipeline);
-
-	renderer->vkCmdSetViewport(
-		vulkanCommandBuffer->commandBuffer,
-		0,
-		1,
-		&vulkanCommandBuffer->currentViewport
-	);
-
-	renderer->vkCmdSetScissor(
-		vulkanCommandBuffer->commandBuffer,
-		0,
-		1,
-		&vulkanCommandBuffer->currentScissor
-	);
-}
-
-static void VULKAN_BindVertexBuffers(
-	Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
-	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	uint32_t firstBinding,
-	uint32_t bindingCount,
-	Refresh_GpuBuffer **pBuffers,
-	uint64_t *pOffsets
-) {
-	VulkanRenderer* renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
-	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
-	VulkanBuffer *currentVulkanBuffer;
-	VkBuffer *buffers = SDL_stack_alloc(VkBuffer, bindingCount);
-	uint32_t i;
-
-	for (i = 0; i < bindingCount; i += 1)
-	{
-		currentVulkanBuffer = ((VulkanBufferContainer*) pBuffers[i])->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer;
-		buffers[i] = currentVulkanBuffer->buffer;
-		VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackBuffer(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, currentVulkanBuffer);
-	}
-
-	renderer->vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(
-		vulkanCommandBuffer->commandBuffer,
-		firstBinding,
-		bindingCount,
-		buffers,
-		pOffsets
-	);
-
-	SDL_stack_free(buffers);
-}
-
-static void VULKAN_BindIndexBuffer(
-	Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
-	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
-	uint64_t offset,
-	Refresh_IndexElementSize indexElementSize
-) {
-	VulkanRenderer* renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
-	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
-	VulkanBuffer* vulkanBuffer = ((VulkanBufferContainer*) gpuBuffer)->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer;
-
-	VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackBuffer(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, vulkanBuffer);
-
-	renderer->vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(
-		vulkanCommandBuffer->commandBuffer,
-		vulkanBuffer->buffer,
-		offset,
-		RefreshToVK_IndexType[indexElementSize]
-	);
-}
-
 static void VULKAN_BeginComputePass(
 	Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer
@@ -8231,12 +8274,13 @@ static void VULKAN_BindComputePipeline(
 static void VULKAN_BindComputeBuffers(
 	Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	Refresh_GpuBuffer **pBuffers
+	Refresh_ComputeBufferBinding *pBindings
 ) {
 	VulkanRenderer* renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
 	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
 	VulkanComputePipeline *computePipeline = vulkanCommandBuffer->currentComputePipeline;
 
+	VulkanBufferContainer *bufferContainer;
 	VulkanBuffer *currentVulkanBuffer;
 	VkDescriptorBufferInfo descriptorBufferInfos[MAX_BUFFER_BINDINGS];
 	uint32_t i;
@@ -8248,11 +8292,19 @@ static void VULKAN_BindComputeBuffers(
 
 	for (i = 0; i < computePipeline->pipelineLayout->bufferDescriptorSetCache->bindingCount; i += 1)
 	{
-		currentVulkanBuffer = ((VulkanBufferContainer*) pBuffers[i])->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer;
+		bufferContainer = (VulkanBufferContainer*) pBindings[i].gpuBuffer;
+		currentVulkanBuffer = bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer;
 
-		descriptorBufferInfos[i].buffer = currentVulkanBuffer->buffer;
+		if (
-		descriptorBufferInfos[i].offset = 0;
+			pBindings[i].writeOption == REFRESH_WRITEOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
-		descriptorBufferInfos[i].range = currentVulkanBuffer->size;
+			SDL_AtomicGet(&bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->referenceCount) > 0
+		) {
+			VULKAN_INTERNAL_DiscardActiveBuffer(
+				renderer,
+				bufferContainer
+			);
+			currentVulkanBuffer = bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer;
+		}
 
 		VULKAN_INTERNAL_BufferMemoryBarrier(
 			renderer,
@@ -8261,6 +8313,10 @@ static void VULKAN_BindComputeBuffers(
 			currentVulkanBuffer
 		);
 
+		descriptorBufferInfos[i].buffer = currentVulkanBuffer->buffer;
+		descriptorBufferInfos[i].offset = 0;
+		descriptorBufferInfos[i].range = currentVulkanBuffer->size;
+
 		VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackBuffer(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, currentVulkanBuffer);
 		VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackComputeBuffer(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, currentVulkanBuffer);
 	}
@@ -8278,12 +8334,12 @@ static void VULKAN_BindComputeBuffers(
 static void VULKAN_BindComputeTextures(
 	Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
-	Refresh_TextureSlice **pTextureSlices
+	Refresh_ComputeTextureBinding *pBindings
 ) {
 	VulkanRenderer* renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
 	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
 	VulkanComputePipeline *computePipeline = vulkanCommandBuffer->currentComputePipeline;
-
+	VulkanTextureContainer *currentTextureContainer;
 	VulkanTextureSlice *currentTextureSlice;
 	VkDescriptorImageInfo descriptorImageInfos[MAX_TEXTURE_SAMPLERS];
 	uint32_t i;
@@ -8295,10 +8351,19 @@ static void VULKAN_BindComputeTextures(
 
 	for (i = 0; i < computePipeline->pipelineLayout->imageDescriptorSetCache->bindingCount; i += 1)
 	{
-		currentTextureSlice = VULKAN_INTERNAL_RefreshToVulkanTextureSlice(pTextureSlices[i]);
+		currentTextureContainer = (VulkanTextureContainer*) pBindings[i].textureSlice.texture;
-		descriptorImageInfos[i].imageView = currentTextureSlice->view;
+		currentTextureSlice = VULKAN_INTERNAL_RefreshToVulkanTextureSlice(&pBindings[i].textureSlice);
-		descriptorImageInfos[i].sampler = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
-		descriptorImageInfos[i].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL;
+		if (
+			pBindings[i].writeOption == REFRESH_WRITEOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
+			SDL_AtomicGet(&currentTextureSlice->referenceCount) > 0
+		) {
+			VULKAN_INTERNAL_DiscardActiveTexture(
+				renderer,
+				currentTextureContainer
+			);
+			currentTextureSlice = VULKAN_INTERNAL_RefreshToVulkanTextureSlice(&pBindings[i].textureSlice);
+		}
 
 		VULKAN_INTERNAL_ImageMemoryBarrier(
 			renderer,
@@ -8307,6 +8372,10 @@ static void VULKAN_BindComputeTextures(
 			currentTextureSlice
 		);
 
+		descriptorImageInfos[i].imageView = currentTextureSlice->view;
+		descriptorImageInfos[i].sampler = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+		descriptorImageInfos[i].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL;
+
 		VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackTextureSlice(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, currentTextureSlice);
 		VULKAN_INTERNAL_TrackComputeTextureSlice(renderer, vulkanCommandBuffer, currentTextureSlice);
 	}
@@ -8415,61 +8484,18 @@ static void VULKAN_EndComputePass(
 	vulkanCommandBuffer->currentComputePipeline = NULL;
 }
 
-static void VULKAN_INTERNAL_DiscardActiveBuffer(
-	VulkanRenderer *renderer,
-	VulkanBufferContainer *bufferContainer
-) {
-	VulkanBufferHandle *bufferHandle;
-	uint32_t i;
-
-	/* If a previously-discarded buffer is available, we can use that. */
-	for (i = 0; i < bufferContainer->bufferCount; i += 1)
-	{
-		bufferHandle = bufferContainer->bufferHandles[i];
-		if (SDL_AtomicGet(&bufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->referenceCount) == 0)
-		{
-			bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle = bufferHandle;
-			return;
-		}
-	}
-
-	/* No buffer handle is available, generate a new one. */
-	bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle = VULKAN_INTERNAL_CreateBufferHandle(
-		renderer,
-		bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->size,
-		RESOURCE_ACCESS_NONE,
-		bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->usage,
-		bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->requireHostVisible,
-		bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->preferHostLocal,
-		bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->preferDeviceLocal
-	);
-
-	EXPAND_ARRAY_IF_NEEDED(
-		bufferContainer->bufferHandles,
-		VulkanBufferHandle*,
-		bufferContainer->bufferCount + 1,
-		bufferContainer->bufferCapacity,
-		bufferContainer->bufferCapacity * 2
-	);
-
-	bufferContainer->bufferHandles[
-		bufferContainer->bufferCount
-	] = bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle;
-	bufferContainer->bufferCount += 1;
-}
-
 static void VULKAN_SetTransferData(
 	Refresh_Renderer *driverData,
 	void* data,
 	Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 	Refresh_BufferCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_TransferOptions option
+	Refresh_TransferOptions transferOption
 ) {
 	VulkanRenderer *renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
 	VulkanBufferContainer *transferBufferContainer = (VulkanBufferContainer*) transferBuffer;
 
 	if (
-		option == REFRESH_TRANSFEROPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
+		transferOption == REFRESH_TRANSFEROPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
 		SDL_AtomicGet(&transferBufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->referenceCount) > 0
 	) {
 		VULKAN_INTERNAL_DiscardActiveBuffer(
@@ -8529,7 +8555,7 @@ static void VULKAN_UploadToTexture(
 	Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *textureRegion,
 	Refresh_BufferImageCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 ) {
 	VulkanRenderer *renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
 	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
@@ -8541,7 +8567,7 @@ static void VULKAN_UploadToTexture(
 	vulkanTextureSlice = VULKAN_INTERNAL_RefreshToVulkanTextureSlice(&textureRegion->textureSlice);
 
 	if (
-		option == REFRESH_COPYOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
+		writeOption == REFRESH_WRITEOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
 		vulkanTextureContainer->canBeDiscarded &&
 		SDL_AtomicGet(&vulkanTextureSlice->referenceCount) > 0
 	) {
@@ -8601,7 +8627,7 @@ static void VULKAN_UploadToBuffer(
 	Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
 	Refresh_BufferCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 ) {
 	VulkanRenderer *renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
 	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
@@ -8610,7 +8636,7 @@ static void VULKAN_UploadToBuffer(
 	VkBufferCopy bufferCopy;
 
 	if (
-		option == REFRESH_COPYOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
+		writeOption == REFRESH_WRITEOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
 		SDL_AtomicGet(&gpuBufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->referenceCount) > 0
 	) {
 		VULKAN_INTERNAL_DiscardActiveBuffer(
@@ -8656,7 +8682,7 @@ static void VULKAN_DownloadFromTexture(
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *textureRegion,
 	Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 	Refresh_BufferImageCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_TransferOptions option
+	Refresh_TransferOptions transferOption
 ) {
 	VulkanRenderer *renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
 	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
@@ -8667,7 +8693,7 @@ static void VULKAN_DownloadFromTexture(
 	vulkanTextureSlice = VULKAN_INTERNAL_RefreshToVulkanTextureSlice(&textureRegion->textureSlice);
 
 	if (
-		option == REFRESH_TRANSFEROPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
+		transferOption == REFRESH_TRANSFEROPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
 		SDL_AtomicGet(&transferBufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->referenceCount) > 0
 	) {
 		VULKAN_INTERNAL_DiscardActiveBuffer(
@@ -8725,7 +8751,7 @@ static void VULKAN_DownloadFromBuffer(
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
 	Refresh_TransferBuffer *transferBuffer,
 	Refresh_BufferCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_TransferOptions option
+	Refresh_TransferOptions transferOption
 ) {
 	VulkanRenderer *renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
 	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
@@ -8734,7 +8760,7 @@ static void VULKAN_DownloadFromBuffer(
 	VkBufferCopy bufferCopy;
 
 	if (
-		option == REFRESH_TRANSFEROPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
+		transferOption == REFRESH_TRANSFEROPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
 		SDL_AtomicGet(&transferBufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->referenceCount) > 0
 	) {
 		VULKAN_INTERNAL_DiscardActiveBuffer(
@@ -8779,7 +8805,7 @@ static void VULKAN_CopyTextureToTexture(
 	Refresh_CommandBuffer *commandBuffer,
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *source,
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *destination,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 ) {
 	VulkanRenderer *renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
 	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
@@ -8792,7 +8818,7 @@ static void VULKAN_CopyTextureToTexture(
 	dstSlice = VULKAN_INTERNAL_RefreshToVulkanTextureSlice(&destination->textureSlice);
 
 	if (
-		option == REFRESH_COPYOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
+		writeOption == REFRESH_WRITEOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
 		dstContainer->canBeDiscarded &&
 		SDL_AtomicGet(&dstSlice->referenceCount) > 0
 	) {
@@ -8857,7 +8883,7 @@ static void VULKAN_CopyTextureToBuffer(
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *textureRegion,
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
 	Refresh_BufferImageCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 ) {
 	VulkanRenderer *renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
 	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
@@ -8868,7 +8894,7 @@ static void VULKAN_CopyTextureToBuffer(
 	vulkanTextureSlice = VULKAN_INTERNAL_RefreshToVulkanTextureSlice(&textureRegion->textureSlice);
 
 	if (
-		option == REFRESH_COPYOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
+		writeOption == REFRESH_WRITEOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
 		SDL_AtomicGet(&bufferContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->referenceCount) > 0
 	) {
 		VULKAN_INTERNAL_DiscardActiveBuffer(
@@ -8926,7 +8952,7 @@ static void VULKAN_CopyBufferToTexture(
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *gpuBuffer,
 	Refresh_TextureRegion *textureRegion,
 	Refresh_BufferImageCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 ) {
 	VulkanRenderer *renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
 	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
@@ -8938,7 +8964,7 @@ static void VULKAN_CopyBufferToTexture(
 	vulkanTextureSlice = VULKAN_INTERNAL_RefreshToVulkanTextureSlice(&textureRegion->textureSlice);
 
 	if (
-		option == REFRESH_COPYOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
+		writeOption == REFRESH_WRITEOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
 		textureContainer->canBeDiscarded &&
 		SDL_AtomicGet(&vulkanTextureSlice->referenceCount) > 0
 	) {
@@ -8998,7 +9024,7 @@ static void VULKAN_CopyBufferToBuffer(
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *source,
 	Refresh_GpuBuffer *destination,
 	Refresh_BufferCopy *copyParams,
-	Refresh_CopyOptions option
+	Refresh_WriteOptions writeOption
 ) {
 	VulkanRenderer *renderer = (VulkanRenderer*) driverData;
 	VulkanCommandBuffer *vulkanCommandBuffer = (VulkanCommandBuffer*) commandBuffer;
@@ -9007,7 +9033,7 @@ static void VULKAN_CopyBufferToBuffer(
 	VkBufferCopy bufferCopy;
 
 	if (
-		option == REFRESH_COPYOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
+		writeOption == REFRESH_WRITEOPTIONS_SAFEDISCARD &&
 		SDL_AtomicGet(&dstContainer->activeBufferHandle->vulkanBuffer->referenceCount) > 0
 	) {
 		VULKAN_INTERNAL_DiscardActiveBuffer(